Volume 25, Issue 4
Design of Laparoscopic Executive Instruments for Robots299-314
Veronika Atanasova-Georgieva
doi: 10.7546/ijba.2021.25.4.000820
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Veronika Atanasova-Georgieva (2021) Design of Laparoscopic Executive Instruments for Robots, Int J Bioautomation, 25 (4), 299-314, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2021.25.4.000820
Abstract: The main objective of this work is focused on improving some technical deficiencies of existing laparoscopic executive instruments to robots. For this reason two main problems have been overtaken: i) to perform a kinematic-structural analysis of existing executive instruments by structural and kinematic criteria, to estimate their engineering characteristics, motivating the need to develop new ones and ii) to develop functionally operating model of an executive tool, with simplified kinematics of actuation of end-effectors, with higher reliability and easier support of the sterility of the instrument. In contrast to daVinchi robot system which includes structures with three orthogonal rotations this study describes other decision with combination of perpendicular and parallel rotations. The design is simplified, no additional transmission mechanisms of the executive links are required, which in turn facilitates the process of control of the device and proved higher reliability.

Keywords: Robot-assisted surgery, Laparoscopic instruments, Minimally-invasive surgery
Redox-modulation, Suppression of “Oncogenic” Superoxide and Induction of Apoptosis in Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cells Using Geum urbanum L. Extracts315-330
Milka Mileva, Lyudmila Dimitrova, Milena Popova, Vassya Bankova, Dimo Krastev, Hristo Najdenski, Zhivko Zhelev, Ichio Aoki, Rumiana Bakalova-Zheleva
doi: 10.7546/ijba.2021.25.4.000795
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Milka Mileva, Lyudmila Dimitrova, Milena Popova, Vassya Bankova, Dimo Krastev, Hristo Najdenski, Zhivko Zhelev, Ichio Aoki, Rumiana Bakalova-Zheleva (2021) Redox-modulation, Suppression of “Oncogenic” Superoxide and Induction of Apoptosis in Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cells Using Geum urbanum L. Extracts, Int J Bioautomation, 25 (4), 315-330, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2021.25.4.000795
Abstract: Burkitt’s lymphoma is a highly aggressive type of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, linked to the Epstein-Barr virus, which induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in the infected cells. We investigated the cytotoxicity and redox-modulating ability of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol (n-BuOH) extracts from Geum urbanum L. roots and aerial parts on Burkitt`s lymphoma cells (BLC), to elucidate their impact on oxidative stress and cell survival. BLC Raji was treated with EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts to analyze: cell viability; induction of apoptosis; hydroperoxides and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) by 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay; superoxide by dihydroethidium assay; total antioxidant capacity by TAC assay. All extracts suppressed cell growth and induce apoptosis. n-BuOH extracts possessed higher cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic activity compared to EtOAc. The fractions decreased the hydroperoxides and RNS levels. There was no correlation between the DCF fluorescence in the treated cells and their viability (R = -0.3722; p > 0.05). Root extracts decreased the superoxide level, while the leaf extracts did not. There was a good correlation between the dihydroethidium fluorescence in the treated cells and their viability (R = 0.9843; p < 0.01). All extracts increased the TAC of BLC. G. urbanum extracts serve as redox-modulators and anti-inflammatory compounds, decreasing the intracellular level of “oncogenic” superoxide and cell proliferation.

Keywords: Burkitt’s lymphoma, Total antioxidant capacity, Reactive oxygen species, Apoptosis, Geum urbanum L.
The Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on Smooth Muscles is Impacted by Broadband UV and LED UV and Blue Light331-342
Charilaos Xenodochidis, Milena Draganova-Filipova, George Miloshev, Milena Georgieva, Plamen Zagorchev
doi: 10.7546/ijba.2021.25.4.000819
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Charilaos Xenodochidis, Milena Draganova-Filipova, George Miloshev, Milena Georgieva, Plamen Zagorchev (2021) The Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on Smooth Muscles is Impacted by Broadband UV and LED UV and Blue Light, Int J Bioautomation, 25 (4), 331-342, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2021.25.4.000819
Abstract: Due to their effects, similar to low-intensity therapy light sources such as light-emitting diodes (LED) and broadband spectrum lamps have recently become commonly used in the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative pathologies, cancer, as well as ageing. Despite the proven positive effects of such therapies, deeper understanding of the light therapies’ biological effects remains unclear. Even more, the molecular mechanisms through which different neurotransmitters, namely serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), mediate the organism’s response to radiation are yet indistinct. In this paper, we present the design and development of a specialized system for irradiation of biological objects, which is composed of LED 365 nm and LED 470 nm and a broadband lamp source of UVA/B (350 nm) with intensity, power density and direction, which can be optimized experimentally. The system, named a “water organ bath (wob)”, is used in the current work to irradiate smooth muscle stomach strips of rats. The obtained results prove that the modulation of the spontaneous contractile smooth muscle activity and the potentiation of the effects of major neurotransmitters are executed by the emitted light. The probable explanation for the neurotransmitters photoactivation is that it is the resultant effect of electromagnetic radiation on intracellular enzymes signaling systems.

Keywords: Water organ bath, Electromagnetic radiation, Serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptamine, Light-emitting diodes
Model for Prediction of the Weight and Height Measurements of Patients with Disabilities for Diagnosis and Therapy343-352
Numan S. Dawood, Ruwaidah A. Mussttaf, Mayyadah Hasan Rhaif AL-Sahlanee
doi: 10.7546/ijba.2021.25.4.000824
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Numan S. Dawood, Ruwaidah A. Mussttaf, Mayyadah Hasan Rhaif AL-Sahlanee (2021) Model for Prediction of the Weight and Height Measurements of Patients with Disabilities for Diagnosis and Therapy, Int J Bioautomation, 25 (4), 343-352, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2021.25.4.000824
Abstract: Background: Accurate measurement of a patient’s height and weight is an essential part of diagnosis and therapy, but there is some controversy as to how to calculate the height and weight of patients with disabilities. Objective: This study aims to use anthropometric measurements (arm span, length of leg, chest circumference, and waist circumference) to find a model (alternatives) that can allow the calculation of the height and the body weight of patients with disabilities. Additionally, a model for the prediction of weight and height measurements of patients with disabilities was established. Method: Four hander patients aged 20-80 years were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups, 210 (52.5%) male and 190 (47.5%) female. Result: A significant correlation was noted between body height and arm span, as well as between body height and length of leg in all study groups. The body weight and the ratio of arm span or leg length to the sum of chest and waist circumferences were found to have a negative significant correlation. Model equations were derived to estimate the height and body weight according to anthropometric measurements. Conclusion: Anthropometric measurements can be used to create a model for calculating the body height and body weight of patients with disabilities and which can be considered an alternative to measurements that can be made on otherwise healthy subjects.

Keywords: Therapy, Diagnosis, Anthropometric measurements, Iraq


Sponsored by National Science Fund of Bulgaria, Grant No KP-06-NP/2/12, 2020

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