| Volume 26, Issue 4 | |
| Stability of a Simple Bioreactor Model with a General Growth Function, Bacterial Feed and Death Rate | 315-324 |
| Andrew J. Stacey, John J. Shepherd | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000810 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Andrew J. Stacey, John J. Shepherd (2022) Stability of a Simple Bioreactor Model with a General Growth Function, Bacterial Feed and Death Rate, Int J Bioautomation, 26 (4), 315-324, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000810 | |
| Abstract: Biological reactors are employed in industrial applications to break down organic waste. Here we consider the stability of an open loop CSTR, with a general growth rate function, having both a bacterial and substrate feed and a death rate. Reactors with a bacterial feed are important as every reactor after the first in a cascade will have both bacterial and substrate feeds. We show that stability of a critical point is related to the sign of the slope of the growth rate function, when no bacterial feed is present, and to the sign of the slope of a function, being the product of the growth rate function and a function involving the substrate and bacterial feed concentrations, when a bacterial feed is present.
Keywords: Stability, Reactor, Bacterial feed, General growth function | |
| Ageing and Neurodegeneration – The Role of Neurotransmitters' Activity | 325-338 |
| Bonka Lozanska, Milena Georgieva, George Miloshev, Charilaos Xenodochidis | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000879 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Bonka Lozanska, Milena Georgieva, George Miloshev, Charilaos Xenodochidis (2022) Ageing and Neurodegeneration – The Role of Neurotransmitters' Activity, Int J Bioautomation, 26 (4), 325-338, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000879 | |
| Abstract: Disease and ageing are linked in many ways and especially by the mechanisms they share. For many diseases, the process of ageing is the main culprit leading to the pathology. Hence, it is crucial to understand the process of ageing, and its molecular and cellular mechanisms to have a better understanding and perspective on these age-related diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are probably the most common types of age-related diseases. Their pathology is complex, however, changes in neurotransmitter levels are almost always present. These types of changes occur during ageing as well, therefore, exploring the link between those processes can give a clue for possible treatments. Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) are enzymes that break down monoamine neurotransmitters and their dysregulation has long been recorded in age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. There is strong evidence that modulating the MAOs’ expression and activity can be beneficial for patients suffering from these illnesses. Herein we critically analyze the literature and make associations among ageing, MAOs’ activity and neurotransmitters’ levels, thus highlighting their role in neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords: Ageing, Age-related disease, Neurodegenerative disease, Monoamine oxidase (MAO), MAO-A, MAO-B, MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) | |
| A Difference Equation Model of Infectious Disease | 339-352 |
| Anthony Shannon, François Dubeau, Mine Uysal, Engin Özkan | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000899 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Anthony Shannon, François Dubeau, Mine Uysal, Engin Özkan (2022) A Difference Equation Model of Infectious Disease, Int J Bioautomation, 26 (4), 339-352, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000899 | |
| Abstract: In the context of so much uncertainty with coronavirus variants and official mandate based on seemingly exaggerated predictions of gloom from epidemiologists, it is appropriate to consider a revised model of relative simplicity, because there can be dangers in developing models which endeavour to account for too many variables. Predictions and projections from any such models have to be in the context of relevant contingencies. The model presented here is based on relatively simple second order difference equations. The context here is as important as the content in that in many Western counties where the narrative currently seems more important than the truth, and the results of empirical science are valued more as a shield for politicians than a sword for protection of citizens.
Keywords: Difference equations, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Characteristic equation, Vector, Ill-conditioning, Susceptibles, Resistants. Recursive sequences | |
| Generalized Net Model of Coyote Optimization Algorithm | 353-360 |
| Olympia Roeva, Dafina Zoteva, Peter Vassilev | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000787 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Olympia Roeva, Dafina Zoteva, Peter Vassilev (2022) Generalized Net Model of Coyote Optimization Algorithm, Int J Bioautomation, 26 (4), 353-360, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000787 | |
| Abstract: In the presented paper, the functioning of the coyote optimization algorithm (COA) is described using the apparatus of generalized nets (GNs). The COA is a population-based metaheuristic for optimization inspired by the Canis latrans species. Based on a Universal GN-model of population-based metaheuristics, а GN-model of COA is constructed by setting different characteristic functions of the GN-tokens. The presented GN-model successfully describes the considered metaheuristic algorithm, conducting basic steps and performing an optimal search.
Keywords: Coyote optimization algorithm, Generalized net, Metaheuristic, Population-based algorithms | |
| Design and Implementation of a Peristaltic Pump Based on an Air Bubble Sensor | 361-374 |
| Huda Farooq Jameel, Mustafa F. Mahmood, Suhair M. Yaseen | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000866 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Huda Farooq Jameel, Mustafa F. Mahmood, Suhair M. Yaseen (2022) Design and Implementation of a Peristaltic Pump Based on an Air Bubble Sensor, Int J Bioautomation, 26 (4), 361-374, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2022.26.4.000866 | |
| Abstract: Peristaltic pumps (PPs) are used to pump clean/sterile or exceptionally responsive liquids without tainting them. They are used in haemodialysis and heart-lung machines to circulate blood as a sidestep during medical procedures. The purpose of this research is to design and construct a PP which consists of a three-roller pump, a bubble sensor, a motor drive, a stepper motor, a microcontroller, and a safety unit. The safety unit functions by using the air bubble sensor, which stops the motor in case of bubble insertion. The performance is experimentally tested in terms of average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, which are 99%, 99.55%, and 99.33%, respectively. The evaluation is based on the classification models of true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), and false negative (FN). The overall accuracy is about 98.9%, which indicates the high efficiency of the constructed mechanism.
Keywords: Accuracy, Air bubble sensor, Microcontroller, Peristaltic pump, Stepper motor |
Sponsored by National Science Fund of Bulgaria, Grant No KP-06-NP3-37, 2022
© 2022, BAS, Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering