| Volume 28, Issue 3 | |
| Unified Modeling Language Application for Laparoscopic Instrument Design | 117-132 |
| Veronika Ivanova, Ani Boneva, Plamen Vasilev | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.000968 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Veronika Ivanova, Ani Boneva, Plamen Vasilev (2024) Unified Modeling Language Application for Laparoscopic Instrument Design, Int J Bioautomation, 28 (3), 117-132, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.000968 | |
| Abstract: Laparoscopic surgery is a very popular medical intervention for the diagnosis and treatment of some abdominal problems and diseases. Compared with open surgery, laparoscopic procedures reduce patient trauma and recovery time. Still, at the same time, the surgeon’s dexterity is reduced as a result of the operation specificity and instrument construction. Correct behaviour of every device and instrument during its activities is an important condition for the proper operation of the whole system. The main purpose of this work is to model the operating behaviour of an instrument-organ interaction in an environment which is similar to the real one. The ultimate target of this study is focused on the development of a functionally operating model of a laparoscopic executive instrument for robots with improved engineering characteristics. To achieve the goals, the following main tasks are decided: i) Unified Modelling Language is applied to demonstrate the operating behaviour of a device in real-time. UseCase diagram and 3 Activity diagrams have been developed; ii) an original model of an instrument with 4 degrees of freedom for robot-assisted surgery is designed. In contrast to EndoWrist technology created by Intuitive Surgical Incorporation, USA for DaVinci instruments (with 3 orthogonal rotations), we offered other construction decisions. The designed instrument provides a kinematic structure with a combination of perpendicular and parallel rotations (R┴R║R) which avoids additional rolls and allows obtaining the optimal working area of this instrument. This study is a continuation of previous work in the surgical robotics area.
Keywords: Laparoscopic surgery, Modelling, Robotics, Surgical robot, Software, UML diagrams | |
| Comparative Study of Population-based Metaheuristic Algorithms in Case Study of DNA Sequence Assembly | 133-150 |
| Lala Septem Riza, Yudi Prasetyo, Muhammad Iqbal Zain, Herbert Siregar, Rani Megasari, Topik Hidayat, Diah Kusumawaty, Miftahurrahma Rosyda | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.000976 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Lala Septem Riza, Yudi Prasetyo, Muhammad Iqbal Zain, Herbert Siregar, Rani Megasari, Topik Hidayat, Diah Kusumawaty, Miftahurrahma Rosyda (2024) Comparative Study of Population-based Metaheuristic Algorithms in Case Study of DNA Sequence Assembly, Int J Bioautomation, 28 (3), 133-150, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.000976 | |
| Abstract: Modern technology encounters difficulties performing DNA sequencing on long DNA sequences. Therefore, longer DNA sequences must be cut into smaller fragments. DNA sequence assembly is the process of combining several short genome sequences to create a longer DNA sequence. This study aims to compare the performance of several population-based metaheuristic algorithms in handling the DNA sequence assembly problem based on computation time, number of contigs, and overlap value. The algorithms used in this study include the Honey Badger Algorithm (HBA), Lévy Flight Distribution (LFD), African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Overall, AVOA has the best results where it can produce the most total overlap, where the most overlap is 49952 in the dataset with length 750 and coverage 25. AVOA also has the best efficiency because it has a faster computation time than other algorithms in all datasets. Besides AVOA, PSO produces total overlap and computation time that is not far from AVOA. However, based on the number of contigs, HBA is able to create the least number of contigs, especially on datasets with a length of 750 and coverage of 15, with a total of 6 contigs.
Keywords: DNA sequence assembly, Optimization, Population-based metaheuristic, R programming language, String matching | |
| Multiple Scaling Based EfficientNet Modelling for Liver Tumor Classification on CT Images | 151-160 |
| Bilga Jacob, R. S. Vinod Kumar, S. S. Kumar | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.001001 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Bilga Jacob, R. S. Vinod Kumar, S. S. Kumar (2024) Multiple Scaling Based EfficientNet Modelling for Liver Tumor Classification on CT Images, Int J Bioautomation, 28 (3), 151-160, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.001001 | |
| Abstract: For both women and men over 60, liver cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. To help physicians to diagnose patients more accurately, computer-assisted imaging techniques have become increasingly important in recent years. Recent, deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) research has produced amazing improvements in image segmentation and classification. The same issue of diagnosing liver nodules in computed tomography (CT) scans is addressed in this research by introducing a novel Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) system that makes use of an Efficient Network (EfficientNet) image classification algorithm. Unlike CNN, which adjusts its network parameters arbitrarily, a set of predetermined scaling coefficients is used in the EfficientNet scaling technique to reliably scale the network’s breadth, depth, and resolution. Here the EfficientNet models are assessed by varying the input dimensions of the CT scans from The Liver Tumor Segmentation (LiTs) dataset. Finally, the performance evaluation shows that the input dimension 224×224 effectively classified the images and is superior to the other models evaluated with 0.991 AUC and 99.37% F1-Score, precision 99.44%, recall 99.30%, specificity 99.43%, and accuracy 99.36% for Kaggle datasets.
Keywords: Deep learning, Convolution Neural Network, Computed tomography, Liver tumor classification, The Liver tumor segmentation | |
| Power-line Interference Elimination from ECG Signals Using Notch Filtration: A Quasi-real Time Version | 161-170 |
| Todor Stoyanov, Ivan Dotsinsky, Georgy Mihov | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.001003 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Todor Stoyanov, Ivan Dotsinsky, Georgy Mihov (2024) Power-line Interference Elimination from ECG Signals Using Notch Filtration: A Quasi-real Time Version, Int J Bioautomation, 28 (3), 161-170, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.001003 | |
| Abstract: Different types of notch filtration have been developed and used for power-line-interference (PLI) suppression in acquired and preprocessed ECG signals; most of them originate from the distant past. Generally, the traditional notch filters (NF) affect ECG frequency components around the rated PLI frequency. Recently Dotsinsky [1] published a successful off-line notch filtration providing almost total PLI elimination. Recordings taken from the AHA database are mixed by synthesized interference with frequency, which varies from 49 to 51 Hz within 20 s. They are subjected in a MATLAB environment to bidirectional band pass (BP) filtration with central frequency f0 = 50 Hz. Thus, the phase shift is compensated and the zero crossings of the extracted sinusoidal BP waves are identical to that of the PLI. In this study, the standard bi-directional BP is replaced with such one working in a quasi-real time thus allowing immediate tracking and interpretation of the ECG signals. A third 150 Hz PLI harmonic is also added as part of the disturbance to bring us closer to real ECG acquisition conditions. Further on, the variable sine wavelengths are measured between two consecutive zero crossings defined as the first positive BP sample following a series of negative ones. The inter-sample distances are equated to unity. The left and right lateral distances are calculated using similar triangles and aided to the inter-sample distances. The obtained fractal wave periods are converted into corresponding variable PL frequencies fi. Corrupted signals are then subjected to bidirectional notch filtration (NF) with a narrow stop-band using fi as a continuously updated central frequency. The carried out experiments show error of about 2 μV between the original and processed ECG signals with sampling rate Q = 5 kHz.
Keywords: ECG signals, Power line interference suppression, Bidirectional band pass filtration, Narrow notch filtration, First and third harmonics | |
| Analysis of the Mechanical Characteristics of the Basic WALK Step in Rumba from a Kinematic Perspective | 171-180 |
| Yu Wu | |
| doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.001007 | |
| [ +/- how to cite ][ +/- abstract ][ full text ] | |
| Yu Wu (2024) Analysis of the Mechanical Characteristics of the Basic WALK Step in Rumba from a Kinematic Perspective, Int J Bioautomation, 28 (3), 171-180, doi: 10.7546/ijba.2024.28.3.001007 | |
| Abstract: Objective: This study aims to explore the mechanical differences in executing the basic WALK step of the rumba from a kinematic perspective between professional dancers and amateur students, thereby guiding the teaching and training of the WALK step. Methods: Five professional dancers and five amateur students participated in video recordings using two JVC cameras. Kinematic data were processed using APAS software to analyze the center of gravity changes and lower limb joint data in both groups. Results: The movement time of the center of gravity showed no significant difference between the professional dancers and amateur students at different stages of the complete WALK step (p > 0.05). Center of gravity displacements were similar on the X-axis, but significant differences were observed on the Y and Z axes (p < 0.05). In lower limb kinematics, the amateur group exhibited notable variations in hip and knee flexion and extension in the sagittal plane compared to the professional group. Peak hip flexion and extension angles were 51.26 ± 4.45° and -11.33 ± 0.91°, respectively, in the amateur group, both smaller than those in the professional group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the peak knee adduction angle in the frontal plane was -4.64 ± 5.65°, significantly smaller than that of the professional group (p < 0.05). The amateur group also demonstrated significant differences from the professional group in hip internal and external rotation, knee internal rotation, and ankle external rotation in the horizontal plane. Conclusion: The amateur group exhibits insufficient hip twisting and weak joint control during the execution of WALK steps, making them more susceptible to sports injuries. Strengthening lower limb muscle groups and improving overall body stability are recommended for this group.
Keywords: Kinematics, Rumba, WALK step, Mechanical characteristic |
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